Period Pain, PMS And Menstrual Problems: What Mr Iyengar, The Yoga Doctors And The Research Say

Cramps that stop you in your tracks, a few days a month when you are not yourself, or periods that are heavy or all over the place? PMS symptoms, period cramps and other menstrual problems are some of the most common things women bring to a yoga class. Mr BKS Iyengar, his daughter Geeta Iyengar and the medical doctors who worked with him have a lot to say about the monthly cycle, and so do 20 studies. This guide brings it all together. Last updated: 1 November 2026.

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Does yoga help PMS symptoms and period cramps? The short answer

Yes. In the trials, yoga lowered period pain by about 3 points on a 10-point scale, eased PMS symptoms, lifted low mood and lowered anxiety and stress before a period. Women in one trial needed less pain medicine. Mindfulness and deep relaxation helped too. The Iyengar way is simple: practise well between periods, rest and use quiet, supported poses during the flow, and use slow breathing to calm the nerves that make PMS worse.

One thing to keep in mind as you read: these trials tested “yoga” of many styles, taught by teachers with very different training. No trial has yet tested Iyengar yoga on its own for periods or PMS. In our view as certified Iyengar teachers, a well-taught Iyengar class, adapted to the day of your cycle, is likely to go further than the average. Why the kind of yoga matters.

The bottom line: five key moves for period pain and PMS

1. Go to a yoga class at your level, several times a week, between periods. The trials that helped most ran for 9 to 12 weeks, three or more times a week. Geeta Iyengar said the same: the real work is done between periods.
2. Rest and go gentle during the flow. Supported, restful poses, no upside-down poses, nothing that strains the belly. Tell your teacher and the class is changed for you.
3. Add pranayama (breath practice). Slow, staircase breathing (Viloma) and lying-down rest calm the nerves. Geeta Iyengar called strain on the nervous system the usual cause of premenstrual tension.
4. Keep the belly soft and the back supported. Bolsters, blankets and chairs let you rest in hip-opening poses and forward bends, which is where most women feel cramps ease.
5. Start now. New to Flametree, or away 3 months or more? 2 free classes, then 10 at half price, in Darwin or LIVE online.

Iyengar yoga is the style we teach at Flametree. During the 20th century, Mr BKS Iyengar was the major person who codified traditional Indian yoga, through his seminal books and widespread teaching. He also pioneered the use of props, so poses can be adapted to almost any body. His style is sometimes called modern classical yoga. His daughter, Geeta S Iyengar, did more than anyone to work out how yoga should change for women at each stage of life, starting with the monthly cycle. This guide is part of our encyclopaedia of yoga for health conditions.

This guide in short

• Geeta S Iyengar: rest during the flow, practise well between periods, and calm the nerves to ease premenstrual tension.
• Mr BKS Iyengar: periods are not an illness; no upside-down poses during the flow; a separate approach for cramps, PMS, heavy and irregular periods.
• Dr Timothy McCall: lists period pain, PMS and irregular bleeding among the conditions yoga helps; most women in a large survey said yoga helped.
• Dr Krishna Raman: practise right up to the flow, rest from inversions and twists during it, and in his view inversions help heavy periods between times.
• Chris Lalor: “like a bear with a sore head” before her periods, until regular yoga.
• The research: 20 studies listed below. Less pain, fewer PMS symptoms, better mood and sleep.
• Take it further: a free ebook, classes for women, and classes in Darwin and online.

“She conquers fear and nervousness and learns to face her changing life and surroundings with confidence.”

What are PMS, period cramps and other menstrual problems?

A period (menstruation) is the monthly shedding of the lining of the womb. Geeta Iyengar describes it as “a natural cyclic function” (Yoga: A Gem for Women, p. 50). She adds that a little irregularity “is considered to be a sign of normal health”, and that tiredness, poor sleep, mood changes and tender breasts around a period are normal effects of hormones. The trouble starts when the pattern is painful, heavy, absent or very irregular, or when the days before a period take over your life.

• Period cramps (dysmenorrhea, say dis-men-or-REE-a): cramping in the lower belly and often the lower back, just before or during a period. When nothing else is behind it, it is called primary dysmenorrhea.
• PMS (premenstrual syndrome), also called PMT or premenstrual tension: the PMS symptoms of the week or so before a period: headache, tight nerves, sore or swollen breasts, bloating, low back ache, irritability, loss of temper and heaviness in the pelvis. They ease once the period starts.
• Heavy periods (menorrhagia): periods that come on time but bring a lot of blood.
• Irregular periods: bleeding at odd times between periods (metrorrhagia), very short or very long cycles, or scanty flow.
• Absent periods (amenorrhoea): periods that never start, or stop for three or more cycles.

Geeta Iyengar lists many causes: tiredness, anaemia, hormone imbalance, weak muscles of the womb and pelvis, and the mind as well. On painful periods she names “fear, disharmony, anxiety” alongside the body’s causes (p. 51). On premenstrual tension she is clear: “Strain on the nervous system is generally the cause” (p. 52). That is why the yoga approach works on the nerves as much as on the belly.

“One should learn to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy pain.”

What did Geeta Iyengar teach about periods and PMS?

In short: rest during the flow, practise thoroughly between periods, and calm the nervous system to ease premenstrual tension.

Geeta S Iyengar (1944 to 2018) taught alongside her father in Pune for more than 50 years. Her book Yoga: A Gem for Women, written in the early 1980s with a foreword by Mr Iyengar, is still the main Iyengar book on yoga for women. She calls menstruation, pregnancy and menopause the three milestones in a woman’s life, and she writes about periods in more detail than anyone else in the tradition. Her claim is that yoga practice “is a great help here” (p. 52): that it strengthens the womb, balances hormones and changes the mental attitude “from negative to positive”. Her teaching, in our words:

• Rest during the flow. For the 48 to 72 hours of the flow, she advised complete rest from the normal practice (p. 86). If there is tightness or tension, gentle forward bends help, with no over-exertion. Normal practice comes back once the flow stops completely.
• Breathe and rest. She names Viloma pranayama (staircase breath, taken in stages with pauses) and Savasana (the resting pose) as especially helpful during a period (p. 86).
• No upside-down poses during the flow. She left out the inverted poses, strong belly work and backbends during menstruation. Headstand and Shoulderstand, in her words, “under no circumstances” (p. 87).
• For cramps during the period: restful hip-opening poses, sitting and lying back over supports, such as Bound Angle Pose and its reclining form, and the wide-legged seated pose (p. 87). Her claim: Reclining Bound Angle Pose brings relief from pain and burning during periods.
• Between periods, the real work. For painful periods, heavy periods and irregular bleeding, she set out a full practice of standing poses, forward bends, sitting poses and inversions to be done when you are not bleeding (pp. 87 to 88). Her point: you become free of these troubles through what you do between periods, not during them.
• For premenstrual tension: hip openers, supported backbends, restful poses, and the breath (p. 89). In the days before the period, inversions are still in her list.
• Coming back after a period: a gentle restart over four days, to soothe the nerves and rebuild strength, before normal practice (pp. 89 to 90).
• Start young, or start now. She thought 12 to 14 the ideal age to begin, and wrote that a later start is no reason not to begin (p. 50).

Her own words on fatigue apply to every period day: “practice of Yoga should not end in fatigue” (p. 92). We do not publish her sequences. A sequence needs a teacher who can see how you are on the day and change it, which is what a class is for.

“With problems, go down, stretch, but don’t strain.”

What did Mr BKS Iyengar say about periods?

In short: a period is not an illness, but it changes the practice. No upside-down poses during the flow, and a different approach for each kind of menstrual problem.

In Yoga: The Path to Holistic Health, Mr Iyengar’s women’s health section (pp. 378 to 396) opens with his claim that yoga can reduce the severity of many women’s problems, including menstrual disorders, by working on their basic causes. His approach, in our words:

• Menstruation (p. 378). He sees it as a natural process that can bring discomfort, not an ailment. His printed caution: no inversions (upside-down poses) and no standing poses while menstruating. Keep to forward bends, which in his view settle the flow (his claim). He ends with Ujjayi (ocean breath).
• Period pain (p. 381). He describes cramps from contractions of the womb before or during a period. His approach rests on hip-opening seated and reclining poses, with the head-down and shoulder-stand family kept for between periods only.
• PMS (p. 382). Mood swings, cramps, low back ache and aching legs three to four days before a period, easing when it starts. He uses reclining and forward-bending poses with supported inversions, and Viloma breath.
• Heavy periods (p. 388) and bleeding between periods (p. 387). He links heavy periods to fibroids, hormones or a coil (IUD), and bleeding between periods to cysts, fibroids, inflammation or a displaced womb. Some poses are for regular practice but not while bleeding.
• Absent periods (p. 390). He links them to heavy exercise, stress and eating problems, and gives a long practice ending in rest.

In Light on Yoga, his first book from 1966, the appendix of poses grouped under ailments (Appendix II) has an entry for menstrual disorders (p. 428), and its entry for the ovaries points back to it (p. 429). It draws on inversions, forward bends, seated poses, twists and backbends, with long rest, breathing and an abdominal lift. His later books narrow this down for each kind of problem, as above, and keep the inversions for the days between periods.

In The Tree of Yoga (pp. 100 to 101) he gives the same advice from another angle: avoid inverted poses during a period and do forward bends instead. Behind all his ailment courses sit a few principles (Yoga: The Path to Holistic Health, pp. 260 to 263): poses must suit the person, work from the edges toward the problem area, calm the brain so energy goes to healing instead of coping, and be patient.

“When you prepare your mind, your pain becomes a friend.”

Can you do yoga on your period? And what about upside-down poses?

In short: yes, you can do yoga on your period. At Flametree we follow the Iyengar tradition: no upside-down poses during the flow.

Yoga during a period is quieter, not absent. The question people ask most is about inversions (Headstand, Shoulderstand, Plough and Legs Up The Wall). Here is what each authority says, set out separately:

No trial has tested upside-down poses during a period, either way. What we teach comes from the tradition. In class, when others go up into Headstand, women on their period lie back over crossed bolsters or rest in a supported pose instead. Our post on period pain shows five supported poses for a period day, and our article on the yoga headstand explains how it is learned safely.

“Savasana is control over the inner world…”

What does Dr Timothy McCall say?

In short: period pain, PMS and irregular bleeding are all on his list of conditions yoga helps, and most women who use yoga for them say it works.

Dr McCall is a US medical doctor and yoga therapist, author of Yoga as Medicine and former medical editor of Yoga Journal. His June 2019 list of health conditions helped by yoga includes menstrual disorders and period pain (no. 55), premenstrual syndrome (no. 89) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding, meaning irregular bleeding with no clear cause (no. 28). His book has no chapter of its own on periods. What he says that bears on them, in our words:

• Most women said yoga helped. He reports a large survey of yoga users by the Yoga Biomedical Trust. Of 317 people with menstrual problems, 68% said yoga helped. Of 848 with PMS, 77% said so. These are people’s own reports, not a trial, but they are a lot of women.
• Calm is the mechanism. Across his book he explains that yoga shifts the nervous system from fight-or-flight toward rest, and lowers stress hormones such as cortisol. That is the same strain on the nerves that Geeta Iyengar blamed for premenstrual tension.
• Relaxation works. He cites Harvard research on the relaxation response, a technique based on mantra meditation, for women’s hormonal symptoms. A Harvard team tested the same technique for PMS, with strong results (Goodale 1990, in the research below).
• Stress, hard training and missed periods. In his infertility chapter he explains that the stress hormone cortisol can stop periods and upset ovulation, and that very hard exercise or very low body fat can do the same. He suggests a gentler, slower practice for women with fertility concerns, and the same thinking fits periods that have stopped, which Mr Iyengar links to heavy exercise and stress (above).
• PMS and the change. In his menopause chapter, senior Iyengar teacher Elise Browning Miller notes that the mood swings of perimenopause are like PMS, only less predictable. Women whose PMS gets worse in their forties will find our menopause and perimenopause guide useful.

What does Dr Krishna Raman say?

In short: keep practising right up to the period, rest from inversions and twists during it, and use inversions between periods for heavy or irregular cycles.

Dr Raman is a Chennai physician who trained in yoga under Mr Iyengar. His question-and-answer book on yoga and medical science has a long women’s health section. His views, in our words:

• Practise until the flow starts. There is no need to stop in the days before a period.
• During the period, leave out the inversions and the twists (his advice, following Iyengar teaching).
• Heavy periods and irregular cycles. In his view, inversions help with heavy flow and irregular cycles when practised between periods (his claim). This is where he goes further than the others.
• A wide range of problems. His women’s health questions cover PMS, heavy and irregular bleeding, white discharge (leucorrhoea), endometriosis and dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

“Yoga can be done by all at any age.”

Chris Lalor’s story, and other yoga voices

In short: women who practise regularly often find their periods and the days before them far easier.

• “Like a bear with a sore head”, until yoga. Chris Lalor, Certified Senior Iyengar Yoga Teacher and certified Yoga Therapist, had the full set of PMS symptoms before she came to yoga: tiredness, premenstrual lower back pain, bloating, sore breasts, headaches, mood swings, insomnia and irritability. Once she started regular yoga, she says, they largely disappeared. Chris’s story and her premenstrual sequences.
• Back pain is part of it. Chris teaches that a period often brings serious back pain, so the period-day poses aim to broaden and rest the back, not just the belly.
• Quiet the days before. Bobby Clennell, a senior Iyengar teacher and author of The Woman’s Yoga Book, advises against challenging practice and strong backbends in the days before a period, as Chris passes on in class.
• The forward bend. Dr J. T. Shah, a medical doctor whose Therapeutic Yoga carries a foreword by Mr Iyengar, lists menstrual problems among the conditions helped by the seated forward bend, Paschimottanasana, and its variations (his claim).

“Keep the brain calm and passive, at the same time alert, throughout the practice of Pranayama.”

What the research shows

In short: yoga lowers period pain, eases PMS symptoms and lifts mood, and mindfulness and deep relaxation help too. Most of these studies tested yoga in general, of many styles, often in young students. Why the difference matters.

Period cramps and period pain

• All exercise types lowered period pain at 8 weeks; yoga by 2.75 points on a 10-point scale. Relaxation exercise did best, at 3.87 points, with the fewest drop-outs. Tsai 2024, a review of 29 trials and 1,808 women. Read the study.
• Yoga improved most parts of quality of life: pain, sleep, concentration, mood, relationships and work. McGovern and Cheung 2018, a review of 14 studies and 1,409 women and girls aged 13 to 45. Read the study.
• Yoga cut period pain by 3.2 points out of 10, more than heat (1.8) or a TENS machine (2.3). Kannan and Claydon 2014, a review of 11 trials of non-drug body methods; the yoga figure is from one trial. Read the study.
• Every study found less menstrual distress after yoga. Fifteen studies, many using pose work, pranayama and relaxation together. Oates 2017, a review. Read the study.
• Period pain and other period symptoms fell, and quality of life rose. Twelve weeks of yoga twice a week. Aksu and Vefikulucay Yilmaz 2024, a trial of 60 nursing students. Read the study.
• Period pain was lower and shorter. Three poses practised in the second half of the cycle, over three cycles. Rakhshaee 2011, a trial of 92 students aged 18 to 22. Read the study.
• Women needed less pain medicine, and period pain got in the way of work less. Cramps, bloating and breast tenderness eased too. Twelve weeks of yoga. Tsai 2016, a study of 64 working women in Taiwan. Read the study.

PMS symptoms and premenstrual syndrome

• Exercise eased low mood, pain and tiredness in PMS; yoga for 9 to 12 weeks, three or more times a week, did best for pain and tiredness. Li 2026, a review of 20 trials, 11 of them yoga. Read the study.
• Yoga eased PMS symptoms more than aerobic exercise did. Both lowered pain. One month, three times a week. Vaghela 2019, a trial of 72 women. Note: this was yoga in general; Iyengar yoga has not yet been tested against exercise on its own. Why it matters. Read the study.
• Low mood fell, and so did blood pressure. Two months of yoga, three 60-minute sessions a week. Ghaffarilaleh 2019, a trial of 62 women aged 20 to 45 with PMS. Read the study.
• Yoga gave the lowest PMS scores, and lowered depression, anxiety and stress. Yoga, a muscle relaxation method, both, or neither. Abic 2024, a trial of 68 students. Read the study.
• Fewer and milder PMS symptoms, as good as a daily calcium tablet. Forty-five minutes of yoga, five days a week, for three months. Bharati 2016, a study of 58 students with PMS. Read the study.
• PMS symptoms eased, hips moved more freely and body fat fell. Eight weeks of two 90-minute classes a week plus 15 minutes a day at home. Nemes 2026, a pilot of 34 women. Read the study.
• Anger, low mood and anxiety fell before periods, and heart rate and blood pressure came down. Integrated yoga 35 to 40 minutes a day, six days a week, for three cycles, taught by a qualified instructor. Kanojia 2013, a trial of 50 young women. Read the study.
• One yoga class lifted calm brainwaves and sharpened attention in the days before a period. Wu 2015, a study of 11 women with PMS and 9 without. Read the study.

Heavy periods and irregular periods

• Anxiety and stress fell, sleep improved, and fewer women needed sleeping pills. Three months of yoga, against a waiting list. Nalgirkar 2018, a pilot trial of 30 women aged 20 to 40 with irregular, heavy bleeding (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). The bleeding chart did not change in three months. This was a general yoga programme, not Iyengar yoga with its separate practice between periods. Why it matters. Read the study.
• Anxiety and low mood fell, and well-being, energy and general health rose. Six months of Yoga Nidra (a guided deep relaxation). Rani 2011, a trial of 150 women with menstrual problems. Read the study.
• Pain, gut, heart and bladder symptoms eased. Six months of Yoga Nidra alongside usual care. Rani 2011, a second report on 150 women with menstrual problems. Read the study.

Meditation, mindfulness and deep relaxation

These trials tested mindfulness and relaxation programmes, not pranayama. The results are strong for the mind, and in an Iyengar class Savasana and pranayama train the same deep rest through the body and breath.

• A mindfulness programme cut PMS symptom scores from 123 to 96 against no programme, a large effect. Eight weekly 2.5-hour sessions and a day of silence. Sener Cetin 2023, a trial of 90 students, 74 of whom finished. Read the study.
• Women with severe PMS improved by 58% with daily relaxation, against 27% and 17% in the comparison groups. The relaxation response, a meditation method. Goodale, Domar and Benson 1990, a Harvard trial of 46 women over 5 months. Read the study.

Breathing practice (pranayama)

No trial has yet tested pranayama on its own for period pain or PMS. Not yet studied is not the same as not working. Geeta Iyengar’s period breaths, Viloma (staircase breath) and Ujjayi (ocean breath), are slow, nasal and taught step by step, and she taught girls to practise them right through adolescence. They work on the same calm, rest-and-digest state that the relaxation and mindfulness trials above measured. Why the kind of breathing matters.

Iyengar yoga studies

No trial has yet tested Iyengar yoga, taught by trained Iyengar teachers, on its own for periods, PMS or heavy bleeding. Not yet studied is not the same as not working. The Iyengar evidence here is Geeta Iyengar’s long teaching of women, and women’s own experience, such as Chris’s.

How this comes together in a Flametree class

Everything above points the same way, and it is how we teach.

• Props in every class: bolsters, blankets, chairs, blocks and belts, so you can rest in a pose without strain on a period day.
• Classes adapted to the people in them. No one-size-fits-all. Tell your teacher if you have your period, and every inversion has a restful choice instead.
• Strong practice between periods: standing poses, forward bends and, when you are ready, supported inversions, which the tradition holds are the real work for cramps and heavy periods.
• Breath and rest in every class: Savasana at the end, and staircase and ocean breath in our pranayama classes.
• Cool in the Darwin build-up: on the hottest, stickiest days, and on period days, there is more lying back over bolsters and more slow breathing.
• Classes for women: our Women’s Wellness, female yoga classes, gentle yoga and restorative yoga classes, and our pranayama classes.

Read more on periods, PMS and yoga

• Period pain: what helps, and five supported yoga poses to try
• Periods time with no pain or hassle: Chris’s story and sequences
• Yoga for menstruation: a gentle period sequence
• Post menstruation yoga: easing back into practice
• Yoga for premenstrual lower back pain and other PMS symptoms
• Yoga poses for period pain, with video
• Upavistha Konasana: the wide seated pose in women’s practice
• Yoga headstand: how to learn it safely
• All our notes for women, from periods to menopause

Related guides in the encyclopaedia: yoga for fertility, infertility, PCOS and IVF, menopause and perimenopause, pelvic floor dysfunction, stress and burnout, anxiety and anger, back pain and sleep and energy.

Take it further

This guide gives you the facts on what helps. PMS runs on stress, so the ebook to start with is our stress book, with the stories of people it has helped. Go and do the free classes, see what you think, and then a pass puts it all into action.

• Classes, in Darwin or LIVE online: new, or away 3 months or more? 2 free classes, then 10 at half price. Already practising yoga? See the non-beginner half price pass. See every class time.
• Heading toward perimenopause? PMS often gets worse in your forties. Our free ebook Cool, Calm And Strong covers the years of the change.
• Masterclasses: our 2027 Sunday Arvo Masterclasses include the pelvic floor and sleep and energy, two of the big issues for women through the cycle and beyond. Bookings open soon.
• Retreats: a week of daily, adapted yoga in Bali. See the retreats.

Other conditions are in our encyclopaedia of yoga for health conditions.

Period pain, PMS symptoms and menstrual problems: questions people ask

Can I do yoga on my period?

Yes. In the Iyengar tradition the practice changes during the flow rather than stopping. Geeta Iyengar advised rest for the 48 to 72 hours of the flow, with gentle supported forward bends if there is tightness, and Savasana and staircase breath (Viloma). Upside-down poses, strong belly work and backbends are left out until the period is over. Tell your teacher and the class is changed for you.

Why do Iyengar teachers say no inversions during a period, and does everyone agree?

Mr BKS Iyengar and Geeta Iyengar both taught that inversions such as Headstand and Shoulderstand are left out during the flow, and Flametree follows that tradition. Dr Krishna Raman, a physician who trained with Mr Iyengar, also leaves them out during the period itself, but in his view inversions help heavy periods and irregular cycles when practised between periods. No trial has tested inversions during a period either way.

Does yoga help PMS symptoms?

Yes. A 2026 review of 20 trials found exercise, mostly yoga, eased low mood, pain and tiredness in premenstrual syndrome, and yoga for 9 to 12 weeks, three or more times a week, did best for pain. Other trials found fewer and milder PMS symptoms, less low mood and anxiety, and in one trial yoga did better than aerobic exercise.

How can I relieve period cramps with yoga?

Rest in supported hip-opening poses and forward bends, with the back and head held by bolsters and blankets, and breathe out slowly. Geeta Iyengar named Bound Angle Pose and its reclining form for cramps during a period. Then practise regularly between periods: in a 2024 review of 29 trials, yoga lowered period pain by 2.75 points out of 10 after 8 weeks.

What did Geeta Iyengar teach about periods?

In Yoga: A Gem for Women, Geeta S Iyengar called menstruation a natural cyclic function and said strain on the nervous system is the usual cause of premenstrual tension. She taught rest during the flow, Savasana and Viloma breath, no inversions during the period, a gentle four-day restart afterwards, and a full practice between periods for painful, heavy or irregular periods.

Can yoga help heavy or irregular periods?

The authorities say so. Mr Iyengar and Geeta Iyengar give a separate approach for heavy periods and bleeding between periods, with the main work done between periods, and Dr Raman holds that inversions help heavy flow and irregular cycles. In a 2018 trial of 30 women with irregular, heavy bleeding, three months of yoga lowered anxiety and stress and improved sleep.

Which breathing practices help around a period?

Geeta Iyengar named Viloma, the staircase breath taken in stages with pauses, and Savasana as especially helpful during a period, with Ujjayi, the ocean breath, for tiredness. Mr Iyengar uses Viloma for PMS. Trials of mindfulness and deep relaxation found large falls in PMS symptoms, and pranayama works on the same calm state.

Where can I do yoga for period cramps and PMS in Darwin?

Flametree Yoga Studio teaches Iyengar yoga in Darwin and LIVE online, with Women’s Wellness, gentle and restorative classes. Every class uses bolsters, chairs and belts, and the teacher changes the poses if you have your period. New, or away 3 months or more? Start with 2 free classes, then 10 at half price.

Where this comes from: Geeta S Iyengar, Yoga: A Gem for Women, Chapter VII, Three Milestones in a Woman’s Life (pp. 47 to 57), and Chapter X, Hints and Suggestions for the Practice of Asanas (pp. 79 to 94). BKS Iyengar, Yoga: The Path to Holistic Health (Dorling Kindersley), women’s health (pp. 378 to 396) and his principles for ailment courses (pp. 259 to 263); The Tree of Yoga, pp. 100 to 101; Light on Yoga, Appendix II (pp. 428 to 429). Timothy McCall MD, Yoga as Medicine (Bantam), including his infertility chapter, and his June 2019 list of health conditions helped by yoga. Krishna Raman MD and S. Suresh MD, Yoga and Medical Science: FAQ, the women’s health questions. J. T. Shah MD, Therapeutic Yoga. Chris Lalor’s teaching and her post on premenstrual symptoms. Studies as linked above, checked on PubMed. Everything is summarised in our own words.

This page is general information, not medical advice. Flametree Yoga Studio, Darwin and LIVE online.