Yoga For Eye Health: Glaucoma, Cataract, Macular Degeneration And Low Vision

By Chris Lalor, Certified Senior Iyengar Yoga Teacher and Certified Yoga Therapist, and Dr Stuart McGill, Yoga Teacher, Flametree Yoga Darwin

Glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration or fading sight, and wondering what yoga can do? In trials, mindfulness meditation and slow breathing lowered eye pressure in glaucoma, and head-down poses need a word with your teacher first. This guide brings together what Mr BKS Iyengar, Dr J. T. Shah and the research say about yoga for eye health: yoga for glaucoma, yoga for cataracts, yoga for macular degeneration and yoga for low vision, and about pranayama (yogic breathing) and meditation. Tired screen eyes have their own page, our yoga for eye strain guide. Last updated: 9 November 2026.

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Does yoga help glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration and low vision? The short answer

For glaucoma, yes: mindfulness meditation and slow, quiet breathing are well worth adding. In trials of people with glaucoma, a few weeks of daily mindfulness meditation brought eye pressure down (glaucoma is damage to the optic nerve, the cable from the eye to the brain, often linked with raised pressure inside the eye), and stress markers in the blood fell too. Slow breathing lowered eye pressure in the reviews as well. Head-down poses are different: in studies they raised eye pressure for a short time, so tell your teacher about your eyes before you practise them. For cataract, macular degeneration and low vision, no yoga trial has been done yet. Not yet tested is not the same as does not work, and what Mr Iyengar taught, rest for the eyes, a supported head and a quiet breath, is known from long practice.

None of the eye trials tested Iyengar yoga, the style we teach. They tested mindfulness courses, yoga programmes, breathing and eye exercises. In our view as certified Iyengar teachers, careful, well-taught yoga with props, a steady breath and a teacher who knows your eyes is likely to go further. Why the kind of yoga matters.

The bottom line: five key moves for yoga with an eye condition

1. Go to a yoga class at your level, regularly, and tell your teacher about your eyes. Classes are adapted to the people in them, with props, so each pose can be set up for you.
2. Make mindfulness a daily habit. In glaucoma trials, 45 minutes a day for 3 to 6 weeks lowered eye pressure and stress markers. Yoga poses and pranayama build the same steady attention.
3. Keep the breath slow and quiet. Slow breathing lowered eye pressure in the reviews. Straining or holding the breath with the head low is where the pressure rose, so we leave it out.
4. Tell your teacher before head-down poses. Forward bends, Downward Dog, Plough and Headstand raised eye pressure for a short time in studies, and supported versions, seated practice and rest give the benefits without that rise.
5. Start now. New to Flametree, or away 3 months or more? 2 free classes, then 10 at half price, in Darwin or LIVE online.

Who was Mr BKS Iyengar? Iyengar yoga is the style we teach at Flametree. During the 20th century, Mr BKS Iyengar was the major teacher who codified traditional Indian yoga, through his seminal books and widespread teaching. He also pioneered the use of props, so poses can be adapted to almost any body. His style is sometimes called modern classical yoga. This guide is part of our encyclopaedia of yoga for health conditions.

This guide in short

• Overall evidence: Limited. Best study (review of many trials): A 2024 review pooled 12 studies of relaxation practices (764 eyes, in people with glaucoma and without) and found that mindfulness-based stress reduction, breathing exercises and eye exercises all lowered eye pressure, and trials of mindfulness meditation in glaucoma found the same. We rate the whole guide Limited because only glaucoma has been tested, the meditation trials come mostly from one research group in Delhi, the trials ran 3 to 12 weeks, and no yoga, pranayama or meditation trial has yet been done for cataract, macular degeneration or low vision.
• Mr BKS Iyengar: he invented the crepe bandage to copy the six-gate seal (Sanmukhi Mudra) over the eyes, and named glaucoma and detached retina among its uses. He taught that the eyes and the brain rest together.
• Dr J. T. Shah, a Mumbai surgeon who studied with Mr Iyengar: lists glaucoma among the conditions where upside-down poses are left out, so they are learnt with a teacher.
• Dr Timothy McCall, an American medical doctor and yoga therapist who studied with Mr BKS Iyengar, author of Yoga as Medicine: his list of 117 conditions includes computer vision syndrome (see our eye strain guide) but not these four.
• The research: reviews and trials of meditation, mindfulness and breathing for eye pressure in glaucoma; studies of head-down poses; a relaxation programme for macular degeneration. Nothing yet for cataract or low vision.
• Related guides: eye strain, high blood pressure, headaches and migraine, stress and burnout, diabetes and blood sugar and healthy ageing.
• Take it further: our free ebook Cutting Stress With Yoga, the 2027 masterclass on anxiety, upsets and anger, and classes in Darwin and online.

What are glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration and low vision, and how many Australians have them?

These four are different conditions with one thing in common: they change how well you see. Glaucoma is damage to the optic nerve, often linked with raised pressure inside the eye, and it usually gives no early warning. Cataract is clouding of the lens, the clear part at the front of the eye. Macular degeneration (age-related macular degeneration, or AMD) is damage to the centre of the retina, the light-sensing layer, and it blurs central vision. Low vision means sight that glasses or surgery cannot fully correct. Dr McCall’s list of 117 conditions includes computer vision syndrome, but not these four, so this guide builds beyond his list.

They are common. In the National Eye Health Survey, about 199,000 non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 and over had glaucoma, and only about half of them knew it (Keel and others). Macular degeneration affects about 1.29 million Australians over 50 to some degree, about 1 in 7 (Macular Disease Foundation Australia). Visually significant cataract was found in 2.7% of non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 and over, and 4.3% of Indigenous Australians aged 40 and over (Keel and others). More than 453,000 Australians are vision impaired or blind, and these conditions cause most of it (Vision 2020 Australia). The encouraging part is that the practices in this guide, mindfulness and quiet breathing, lowered eye pressure and stress in trials, and eased quality of life in people living with vision loss.

What to tell your teacher about your eyes

Whichever eye condition you have, say so at the start of class. It is an invitation, not a rule, and it lets your teacher choose the right set-up for you. In our classes the head is supported with props, forward bends rest on a chair or bolster, and the eyes can be covered in rest. The biggest reason to speak up is the one the studies found: head-down poses raised eye pressure for a short time, in people with glaucoma and in people without. The good news is that the rest of practice did not: in the same studies seated meditation and slow breathing lowered eye pressure or left it alone, and supported, less inverted versions of poses keep the calm and the stretch.

“If the eyes are still and silent, the brain is still and passive.”

What did Mr BKS Iyengar teach about the eyes?

In short: rest the eyes, and the brain rests too, and a crepe bandage over the eyes or brows is a tool for that. What follows is known from long practice and teacher experience. Most of it has not been tested by modern research. Not yet tested is not the same as wrong.

• Eyes and brain go together. “Tenseness of the eyes affects the brain,” he said, and “If the eyes are still, the brain is still” (Iyengar: His Life and Work). Our eye strain guide sets out his lists for the eyes, from Light on Yoga and Yoga: The Path to Holistic Health.
• The crepe bandage. Mr Iyengar said he invented the bandage to copy the six-gate seal (Sanmukhi Mudra) over the eyes. He wrote about it in Yoga Rahasya (2016), and the article was published in German on the Iyengar-Yoga Deutschland blog in 2025, translated by Claudia Boehm. In our words, he named these uses: high blood pressure, in Headstand, Shoulderstand, Plough, Bridge pose and Legs Up The Wall; headache; burning eyes; glaucoma; detached retina; and over the eyes and forehead in the final rest (Savasana). For glaucoma and a detached retina he said to wrap the bandage around the brows or the back of the head, not over the eyes. He said to use it only when needed, because overuse makes one dull.
• More in Yoga Rahasya. The same 2016 volume carried articles titled “Facts about cataract”, “Yoga practice after cataract surgery”, “Facts about glaucoma” and “Glaucoma: guidelines for practice”. We name them here so you can find them.
• Prashant Iyengar on bandages. His article “Bandage-Use in Asana and Pranayama” appeared in Yoga Rahasya in 2008 (volume 15, number 2).

What the yoga doctors say

In short: an Iyengar-trained surgeon lists glaucoma among the reasons to leave out upside-down poses, and these four eye conditions are not on Dr McCall’s list.

Dr J. T. Shah, a Mumbai ear, nose and throat surgeon who studied with Mr Iyengar and taught yoga himself, wrote Therapeutic Yoga, with a foreword by Mr Iyengar. He lists who should leave out the upside-down poses: people with high short sight, high blood pressure, glaucoma, a detached retina, discharging ears or neck arthritis (p. xiii). That is his clinical view, not tested in a trial, and it matches what the eye-pressure studies found. The good news is what follows from it: those poses are learnt with a teacher, who gives other poses where they do not suit, such as supported forward bends and Bridge Pose. Our Shoulderstand guide sets out how blankets, a chair and a wall make it kinder.

Dr Timothy McCall, an American medical doctor and yoga therapist who studied with Mr Iyengar and wrote Yoga as Medicine, published a list of 117 health conditions helped by yoga in June 2019. Computer vision syndrome is no. 20 (see our eye strain guide). Glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration and low vision are not on it. Our encyclopaedia uses his list as its backbone and builds on it with newer research, which is why this guide exists.

What does the research say about yoga for glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration and low vision?

In short: for glaucoma, reviews and trials found that mindfulness meditation, slow breathing and eye exercises lowered eye pressure. Head-down poses raised it for a short time. For cataract, macular degeneration and low vision there are no yoga, pranayama or meditation trials. The trials ran 3 to 12 weeks, so none has yet followed people for years to see whether sight is kept, and we rate the overall evidence Limited. Why the kind of yoga matters.

Iyengar yoga studies

No trial has yet tested Iyengar yoga, or Iyengar-trained teachers, for any eye condition. Not yet studied is not the same as not working. The set-up Mr Iyengar taught, with a supported head, the bandage and a quiet breath, is part of every Iyengar class.

Reviews: glaucoma and eye pressure

• Mindfulness, breathing and eye exercises all lowered eye pressure in a review of 12 studies. Wu and others, 2024, a systematic review and meta-analysis (a review that pools the results) of relaxation practices for eye pressure: 12 studies, 764 eyes, in healthy people and people with glaucoma, practising for at least 3 weeks. Pooled across all of them, eye pressure fell (Hedges’ g -1.28). By type: mindfulness-based stress reduction -1.79, eye exercises -0.97 and breathing exercises -0.86. The studies differed a good deal in size of effect, which the authors flag; certainty was low to moderate. Read the study.
• Candle gazing and slow breathing lowered eye pressure; head-down poses raised it quickly. Chetry and others, 2023, a systematic review: 6 studies, with 3 randomised trials pooled. The three high-quality randomised trials showed a bigger fall in eye pressure in the yoga groups in both eyes. Read the study.
• Meditation and pranayama are supported alongside medical care in glaucoma. Abraham and others, 2026, a systematic review of 14 studies of yoga for eye disorders. It found strong support for meditation and pranayama for lowering eye pressure in glaucoma, and limited, inconclusive results for short sight and dry eye. Read the study.
• One hour of mindfulness a day for 3 weeks lowered eye pressure in the pooled trials. Zaher and others, 2023, a review of 12 articles (596 people), 5 in the meta-analysis. The effect of yoga on eye pressure depended on which poses were used. Read the study.

Meditation and mindfulness trials in glaucoma: one research line

Most of the glaucoma meditation trials come from one research group at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in Delhi (Dada and colleagues), using the same method each time. We count them as one research line. They are randomised trials, and each lowered eye pressure alongside the care people already had.

• Three weeks of mindfulness meditation lowered eye pressure and stress markers in 90 people with glaucoma. Dada and others, 2018, India: 90 people with primary open-angle glaucoma (the common type), randomised to daily mindfulness for 21 days or a wait list. Eye pressure fell in the meditators (right eye 18.8 to 12.7 mmHg, left 19.0 to 13.1), alongside lower cortisol and inflammation markers and better quality of life. Read the study.
• Six weeks of meditation lowered eye pressure and raised quality of life in 60 people. Gagrani and others, 2018, India: 45 minutes a day for 6 weeks. Eye pressure fell from 15.9 to 14.4 mmHg against 15.7 to 15.65 in the comparison group; cortisol and interleukin-6 (stress and inflammation markers) fell and quality of life rose. Read the study.
• Three weeks of mindfulness meditation lowered eye pressure by about 5 points in people whose glaucoma was not yet controlled. Dada and others, 2021, India: 60 people with glaucoma on maximum eye drops. Eye pressure fell from 20.2 to 15.1 mmHg in the meditation group and from 21.2 to 20.0 in the comparison group, with changes in eye-tissue genes linked to nitric oxide. Read the study.
• Six weeks of mindfulness-based stress reduction lowered eye pressure and improved blood flow to the optic nerve. Dada and others, 2021, India: 60 people with controlled glaucoma, 45 minutes a day for 6 weeks, with gains in blood vessel density and perfusion at the optic disc (where the optic nerve leaves the eye). Read the study.

Eye exercises and breathing

• Eye yoga for an hour a day for a month lowered eye pressure by 6.4% and improved the visual field in glaucoma. Zhou and others, 2024, Germany: 27 people with glaucoma, randomised to guided eye yoga (15 people) or a control group reading relaxing books (12). No adverse events. Read the study.
• One trial of candle gazing and eye exercises found no difference between groups. Sankalp and others, 2022, Delhi: yoga eye exercises (trataka) for 4 weeks on top of standard treatment. Eye pressure fell within the exercise group, but not by more than in the comparison group, and the authors did not recommend the exercises on this evidence. This is a trial of eye exercises, not of meditation. Read the study.
• Right and left nostril breathing lowered eye pressure slightly in 164 healthy people, and none of the breathing raised it. Kulkarni and others, 2022, India: single-nostril breathing lowered eye pressure (for example 14.3 to 13.9 mmHg in the right eye); alternate nostril breathing and normal breathing did not change it. The authors concluded these techniques are safe for eye pressure. Read the study.

Mr Iyengar’s own advice on candle gazing is gentler than the eye-exercise trials. Our eye strain guide sets out his caution, that staring at a flame strains the eyes and he did not want people to push on. In our classes the eyes are rested, not worked.

Head-down poses and eye pressure: what the studies found, and what to do

Here the results are mixed, and they matter for how a class is set up. In one study, head-down poses raised eye pressure for a short time. In another, three head-below-heart poses lowered it. Seated practice and relaxation raised nothing in any of them, and meditation and slow breathing lowered pressure, so the benefits of yoga for the eyes do not depend on the head-down poses.

• Eye pressure rose in every head-down pose, in people with glaucoma and without, then returned to baseline. Shajiei and others, 2024, Switzerland: 25 healthy people and 25 with glaucoma held each pose for 90 seconds. The mean rise in glaucoma eyes was 2.8 mmHg in Legs Up The Wall (Viparita Karani), 6.0 in Plough (Halasana), 11.6 in Standing Forward Bend (Uttanasana) and 15.1 in Downward Dog (Adho Mukha Svanasana), which peaked above 31 mmHg. The rise came at once and did not grow over the 90 seconds. The authors advise people with glaucoma to choose their yoga exercises with care. Read the study.
• Three head-below-heart poses held for 30 seconds were followed by a drop in eye pressure. Swathi and others, 2023, India: 33 healthy yoga practitioners held Meru pose, Legs Up The Wall and Shoulderstand (Sarvangasana) for 30 seconds each. This disagrees with the Swiss study, so the results are mixed; the hold lengths, the measuring times and the people were different. Read the study.
• Headstand and bellows breath raised eye pressure in 107 healthy practitioners over 12 weeks, while most other practices lowered it. Morya and others, 2023, India: Sun Salutation, shining skull breath (Kapalabhati), Downward Dog, Standing Forward Bend, Legs Up The Wall, alternate nostril breathing and deep meditation lowered eye pressure; Headstand, bellows breath (Bhastrika) and a controlled breathing exercise raised it for a time. Read the study.
• One case report described eye damage after face-down postures. Mammo and others, 2020: a single person developed a rare eye condition after practising poses with the face down. It is one case, and the same studies show that seated and breath practices were gentle on the eyes. Read the study.

Macular degeneration, cataract and low vision

No yoga, pranayama or meditation trial has yet been done for cataract, macular degeneration or low vision. Not yet studied is not the same as not working. The nearest evidence is for support and relaxation:

• A five-week relaxation and coping programme gave better results on 5 of 6 measures in people with macular degeneration. Birk and others, 2004, Germany: 14 people with age-related macular degeneration (average age 73) in five weekly group sessions that included progressive muscle relaxation, compared with 8 people who did not take part. It was a psychological support programme, not yoga, and an early pilot. Read the study.
• Among 117 people with macular degeneration, those who prayed or meditated more accepted their condition more. Salzer and others, 2023, a survey, not a trial. Read the study.

Breathing and pranayama

Slow breathing lowered eye pressure in the review (Wu 2024), and single-nostril breathing did in 164 healthy people (Kulkarni 2022). Forceful breathing is where the pressure rose: bellows breath did in the Morya study, and holding the breath or straining with the head low is a known cause (Moreno-Montanes and others, 2017). That is why our pranayama is slow, quiet and smooth, with no strain and no long holds. The good news is the slow breath itself: it is the calm, nasal breath the studies found gentle on the eyes. No pranayama trial has been done for cataract, macular degeneration or low vision.

Meditation, relaxation and mindfulness

This is the best-supported group, and it is described in the glaucoma trials above. Four randomised trials from one research line found that 3 to 6 weeks of 45 minutes a day of mindfulness lowered eye pressure and stress markers in glaucoma. For cataract, macular degeneration and low vision, the relaxation programme for macular degeneration and the survey are all there is so far.

Where the research is limited

Eye pressure is the measure the trials report, and lowering it is the main aim of glaucoma care. None of the trials followed people for years to see whether sight was kept, so we cannot say that yoga slows sight loss. The trials were short, from 3 to 12 weeks, and the meditation trials share a research group, so a second group repeating them would add weight. Even so, the picture is steady: calm practices lowered eye pressure and stress, and quality of life rose.

Yoga, pranayama and mindfulness: how they work together

The glaucoma trials tested mindfulness courses of 45 minutes a day, plus yoga eye exercises and a mix of poses and breathing, not an Iyengar class. Mindfulness is steady, present attention, and yoga poses and pranayama (yogic breathing) are old routes to that same state, so these trials still count for what classes build. No trial separates which part does the work.

We suggest coming to both a yoga class and a pranayama class. Mr Iyengar taught that asana (poses), pranayama and meditation are not divided, and in our experience the two together do more than either alone. See every class time. We trace the history and the links in Yoga And Mindfulness: Why The Mindfulness Research Points Back To Yoga And The Breath.

How this comes together in a Flametree class

Everything above points the same way, and it is how we teach yoga in Darwin and online for people with eye conditions and for everyone who wants to look after their eyes.

• Tell your teacher about your eyes. Classes are adapted to the people in them, and to how you feel on the day.
• Head-supported forward bends: the forehead rests on a chair, a bolster or blocks, so the eyes and brain can quieten.
• Props for less inverted poses: a bolster, a chair or a wall lets you keep the benefit of a pose with the head higher.
• The bandage in rest: an eye bandage or eye cover in supported rest and lying pranayama takes the eyes out of work.
• Seated practice and a slow breath: our pranayama classes teach a slow, quiet breath with the eyes soft.
• Low vision: in our view a teacher who knows your sight can describe each pose in words, use a steadying touch and set up the room so you can move with confidence.

See the timetable and book a class. For practice at home, our guide to yoga equipment includes an eye cover.

Read more on the eyes, stress and rest

• Yoga for eye strain: tired, dry screen eyes, candle gazing and the eye bandage
• How to quiet the mind: what Geeta Iyengar taught about the breath and a quiet brain
• Sarvangasana, the Iyengar way: blankets, a chair and a wall for Shoulderstand
• Yoga equipment for home: blocks, belts, sandbags and the eye cover
• Nearby guides: high blood pressure, headaches and migraine, stress and burnout, diabetes and blood sugar, healthy ageing and sleep and energy

Take it further

• Classes, in Darwin or LIVE online: new, or away 3 months or more? 2 free classes, then 10 at half price. Already practising yoga? See the non-beginner half price pass. See the timetable and book.
• Masterclasses: Yoga for anxiety, upsets and anger, one of our 2027 masterclasses with Chris Lalor, where you learn the breath and calm practices that settle a worried mind. See the 2027 masterclasses.
• Retreats: a week of daily yoga and pranayama in Bali. See the retreats.

Other conditions are in our encyclopaedia of yoga for health conditions.

Yoga for eye health: questions people ask

Does yoga help glaucoma?

Mindfulness meditation and slow breathing are well worth adding. In randomised trials of people with glaucoma, 3 to 6 weeks of daily mindfulness meditation lowered eye pressure and stress markers, and a 2024 review of 12 studies found the same for breathing and eye exercises. Most of the meditation trials come from one research group in Delhi, none has followed people for years, and none tested Iyengar yoga, so we rate the overall evidence Limited.

Is it safe to do headstand or Downward Dog with glaucoma?

Tell your teacher first. In a Swiss study of 25 people with glaucoma, 90-second holds raised eye pressure for a short time: by 2.8 mmHg in Legs Up The Wall, 6.0 in Plough, 11.6 in Standing Forward Bend and 15.1 in Downward Dog, which peaked above 31 mmHg. Another study found a drop after 30-second holds, so the results are mixed. The good news is that supported versions, seated meditation and slow breathing give you the calm without that rise, and your teacher can set them up.

Can yoga help macular degeneration?

No yoga trial has been done for macular degeneration yet. Not yet tested is not the same as does not work. A five-week group relaxation programme gave better results on 5 of 6 measures in 14 people with macular degeneration, and one experienced Iyengar teacher with macular degeneration kept practising with her head supported and her eyes soft. Tell your teacher about your eyes so each pose can be set up for you.

Can I do yoga after cataract surgery?

No trial has tested yoga after cataract surgery. Mr Iyengar published an article titled “Yoga practice after cataract surgery” in Yoga Rahasya in 2016. Tell your teacher about the surgery, and your practice will be set up for you, with supported poses and a quiet breath.

What is the crepe bandage in Iyengar yoga?

A soft wrap round the head, lightly over the eyes or round the brows. Mr Iyengar said he invented it to copy the six-gate seal (Sanmukhi Mudra). He named high blood pressure in inversions, headache, burning eyes, glaucoma and detached retina as uses, and for glaucoma and detached retina he said to wrap it around the brows or the back of the head, not over the eyes.

“In Savasana, the jaws, the eyes, the muscles of the face, eyebrows, forehead, all have to sink backward.”

Does meditation lower eye pressure?

In four randomised trials from one research group, yes: by a few points after 3 to 6 weeks of 45 minutes a day, with lower stress markers. In one 2021 trial of 60 people with glaucoma on maximum eye drops, eye pressure fell from 20.2 to 15.1 mmHg in the meditation group and from 21.2 to 20.0 in the comparison group. One trial of yoga eye exercises found no difference between groups.

Is yoga possible if I have low vision?

Yes, and in our view a teacher who knows your sight can make it comfortable: describing each pose in words, using a steadying touch and setting up the room. No trial has tested yoga for low vision, so this is known from teaching practice. Tell your teacher about your vision at the start of class.

What breathing is gentle on the eyes?

Slow, quiet, smooth breathing. It lowered eye pressure in the 2024 review, and single-nostril breathing lowered it slightly in 164 healthy people. Forceful bellows breath raised eye pressure in one study, and straining or holding the breath with the head low is a known cause, so our pranayama leaves them out.

How is this different from yoga for eye strain?

Eye strain is the tired, dry feeling of long hours at a screen. This guide is about glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration and low vision. Our eye strain guide covers candle gazing, eye exercises and resting tired eyes. Read it here: yoga for eye strain. Read the eye strain guide.

Can I do yoga for eye conditions in Darwin or online?

Yes. Flametree Yoga teaches Iyengar yoga in Woolner and Coolalinga in Darwin, and LIVE online, with pranayama classes for the breath. Tell your teacher about your eyes and each pose will be set up for you. New students can begin with our new-student offer of 2 free classes, then 10 at half price. Book a class

Where this comes from: BKS Iyengar, Light on Life, Iyengar: His Life and Work, Sparks of Divinity, and his article on the crepe bandage in Yoga Rahasya (2016), read through the Iyengar-Yoga Deutschland blog (2025). Prashant Iyengar, “Bandage-Use in Asana and Pranayama”, Yoga Rahasya (2008). Geeta S Iyengar, Yoga: A Gem for Women. Dr J. T. Shah, Therapeutic Yoga, p. xiii. Timothy McCall MD, his June 2019 list of 117 health conditions helped by yoga, and Yoga as Medicine (Bantam). An experienced Iyengar teacher’s account, Iyengar Yoga Canada, 17 March 2026. Australian figures: Keel and others, British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019 (glaucoma) and Eye, 2019 (cataract), from the National Eye Health Survey; Macular Disease Foundation Australia, media release, 28 March 2019; Vision 2020 Australia. Studies as linked above, plus Moreno-Montanes 2017 and Sabel 2018, each looked up in PubMed in November 2026. Everything is summarised in our own words.

This page is general information, not medical advice. Flametree Yoga Studio, Darwin and LIVE online.